The 27-year-old joined the Hoops from Sunderland in 2011 but, after impressing last season, he has struggled for form this term.
Ferdinand has made 16 appearances in all competitions for QPR this campaign but has now swapped west London for Turkey.
The defender completed his medical with Bursaspor on Monday afternoon and Press Association Sport understands the loan has been agreed with a view to a permanent move.
The Turkish side already employ England international goalkeeper Scott Carson and signed Stoke midfielder Maurice Edu on loan earlier this month.
