The 29-year-old Shakers captain, who began his career with Everton, was one of Bury's stand-out players last term, scoring 10 goals in 44 appearances.
"The ambition of the club and where it sees itself in the future was a big attraction to me coming here," Schumacher said.
"There is a lot of drive at Fleetwood and I want to bring my own influence to what happens on the pitch next season."

