The 29-year-old tested positive for the prohibitive substance of testosterone in an out-of-competition check in February, the Russian federation said.
Meleshina won silver in the women's long jump at the 2004 Athens Olympics under her maiden name of Simagina and also finished third at the 2008 world indoor championships in Valencia - her last major international competition.
The VFLA also handed a two-year ban to 21-year-old hurdler Alina Antipova, a member of the Russian under-23 team, for the same offence.
